I was able to solve it with the following code:
schema.pre("findOneAndUpdate", async function () {
const modifiedFields = this.getUpdate().$set;
key = Object.keys(modifiedFields);
const docToUpdate = await this.model.findOne(this.getQuery());
const locked_props = key;
this.update({ $push: { locked_props: key } });
});
Regards!